Span™ 40 (Sorbitan Palmitate) is the palmitate ester member of the classic Span sorbitan ester series — a low-HLB, lipophilic nonionic surfactant that sits comfortably in the oil phase and does the essential work of anchoring emulsions from the inside out. Where high-HLB emulsifiers like Tweens (Polysorbates) work from the water side, Span 40 works from the oil side, reducing interfacial tension and building the kind of stable, balanced emulsion system that holds together reliably over time and across temperature fluctuations.
Its low HLB value (~6.7) makes it particularly effective in W/O emulsions and as a co-emulsifier in O/W systems when paired with a complementary high-HLB surfactant — the classic Span/Tween combination that has been a cornerstone of emulsion formulation for decades. Beyond emulsification, it functions as a dispersing agent for oils and actives, improving their even distribution throughout formulations. In creams and lotions, it contributes to a smooth, creamy texture and improved spreadability. For formulators building balanced, stable emulsion systems across cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, or food applications, Span 40 is a reliable, well-characterized, and versatile tool.
Key Benefits
-
Lipophilic Emulsification – low-HLB emulsifier that stabilizes emulsions from the oil phase; ideal for W/O and co-emulsifier systems
-
Formulation Stabilization – prevents ingredient separation and enhances product shelf life
-
Dispersing Agent – improves dispersion of oils and actives for even, consistent formulations
-
Texture Enhancement – provides a smooth, creamy feel and improves application and spreadability
-
Versatile Compatibility – works across cosmetics, pharmaceuticals & food applications; pairs classically with Tween (Polysorbate) emulsifiers
Applications
- Creams, lotions & serums
- Hair conditioners & styling products
- Makeup — foundations & lipsticks
- Pharmaceutical topical formulations
- Food emulsions (where applicable)
Recommended Usage Levels
| Application |
Usage Level |
| Creams & Lotions |
1% – 5% |
| Emulsions |
1% – 6% |
| Dispersing Systems |
0.5% – 3% |
Technical Profile
-
INCI: Sorbitan Palmitate
-
Trade Name: Span™ 40
-
Appearance: White to off-white waxy solid / flakes
-
Type: Nonionic surfactant
-
HLB Value: ~6.7 (lipophilic — oil-phase emulsifier)
-
Function: Emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersant
-
Grade: Cosmetic
Formulation Tips
Add to the oil phase and heat to 70–75°C alongside other oil-phase ingredients. For balanced O/W emulsions, pair with a high-HLB Tween (Polysorbate) emulsifier — the classic Span/Tween combination allows precise HLB tuning for any oil system. The required HLB of your oil phase determines the ideal Span:Tween ratio; calculate the weighted average HLB of the blend to match the oil’s required HLB. For W/O emulsions, Span 40 can be used as the primary emulsifier at higher concentrations. Compatible with most cosmetic oils, waxes, and actives.
